← Exhibits

Pterosaur dissection

Pterosaurs were real animals that shared a common ancestry with amphibians, other reptiles, and mammals. In our imagination, if we could actually dissect a pterosaur, it might look something like this.

Cutaway illustration of a pterosaur showing the wing bones, membranes, and flight muscles
Art by Joschua Knueppe.
  1. 1

    Wing finger

    The wing surface is made from a skin membrane supported by an extremely long fourth finger, the wing finger. The bones are as stout as the others in the arm and normally longer than the arm.

  2. 2

    Wing membrane

    Pterosaur wings were made from tissue layers of blood vessels, muscles, and parallel strengthening fibers called actinofibrils. They helped stiffen the wings and reduce vibrations.

  3. 3

    Pteroid

    This bone is only found in pterosaurs. It was anchored on the wrist, and probably connected by a tendon to the shoulder. It supported a front wing membrane (propatagium) in the bend of the elbow.

  4. 4

    Forearm

    Like our fingers, the wing finger was controlled by tendons attached to muscles in the forearm, but they were as large and powerful as those in the upper arm.

  5. 5

    Upper arm and shoulder

    Like birds and bats, pterosaurs had powerful chest and shoulder muscles that allowed them to flap their huge wings and fly as efficiently as birds.

Muscles

a. Bicepsb. Tricepsc. Deltoideusd. Pectoralis majore. Latissimus dorsif. Air sacs
Pterosaurs: The Field Guide — book cover

On Kickstarter · August 1

Pterosaurs: The Field Guide

Every known genus, illustrated and documented in one book. We launch on Kickstarter August 1. Leave your email and we’ll send you the link the moment it goes live.