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Pterosaurs and their eggs

Pterosaur eggs had a soft, porous, and leathery shell, and are rare in the fossil record. A handful of extraordinary finds reveal how pterosaurs nested, laid, and cared for their young.

Fossil slab crowded with Hamipterus eggs and bones
Black line indicates 10 cm. From Wang et al., 2017, "Egg accumulation with 3D embryos provides insight into the life history of a pterosaur."

Communal nesting ground

120 million years ago, large numbers of Hamipterus would annually gather on an isolated lakeside beach in what is now western China. Through the centuries, this nesting ground met with disaster: on at least eight different occasions, flood waters swept through the site, killing large numbers of adults and washing the eggs into the lake. Many birds nest on isolated beaches to avoid predators, and beach-nesting pterosaurs like Hamipterus may have had the same motivations.

Hundreds of Hamipterus eggs have been discovered with the adults, washed into the middle of the lake by storms. Most pterosaur babies and embryos show they could fly at a very young age, but Hamipterus may have been different: their bones and joints were less developed than other baby pterosaurs, and they may have spent a long time in the nest after hatching, like many birds.

Darwinopterus fossil of a female preserved together with her egg
Line on the card indicates 10 cm. From Lü et al., 2011, "An Egg-Adult Association, Gender, and Reproduction in Pterosaurs."

A mother and her egg

This 160-million-year-old Darwinopterus fossil from China shows a female and her egg. This find and others show that pterosaur females commonly had wider hips, and lacked head crests or had a smaller one compared to males.

Pterosaur eggs had a soft, porous, and leathery shell. Today, such eggs are commonly buried under soil or piles of vegetation to keep them from drying out. Pterosaur parents might have done the same with their eggs.

Pterosaurs: The Field Guide — book cover

On Kickstarter · August 1

Pterosaurs: The Field Guide

Every known genus, illustrated and documented in one book. We launch on Kickstarter August 1. Leave your email and we’ll send you the link the moment it goes live.